Stem cracking and gummosis on durian trees – How to Prevent It?

[Technical corner – Fruit tree]

Stem cracking and gummosis on durian is one of the most dangerous and common diseases affecting durian trees during the rainy season. It is caused by the fungus Phytophthora palmivora. This pathogen not only damages trunks and branches but can also lead to leaf scorch and fruit rot, causing severe losses if not managed in time.

During the rainy season, this disease is considered one of the most serious threats to durian trees due to its rapid spread and destructive potential.

The disease is caused by the fungus Phytophthora palmivora. In addition to damaging trunks and branches, this pathogen is also responsible for leaf scorch and fruit rot during the rainy season.

What Conditions Favor the Development of the Disease?

Dense planting and high humidity in the orchard, especially around the base of tree trunks

Low soil pH, which promotes fungal growth

Poor drainage, high water table, and waterlogged roots, all create ideal conditions for fungal development

Fungus Spreads and Damages the Tree

The fungus produces various types of spores that are highly persistent and capable of spreading rapidly. The initial source of infection is typically in the soil, and it spreads through irrigation water or surface water in ditches and orchards.

However, insects such as beetles, ants, and termites can carry the pathogen to upper parts of the tree or transmit it from one tree to another.

Rain and wind also contribute to the dispersal of the fungal spores.

So how can the disease be effectively managed?

To effectively control Stem cracking and gummosis on durian, farmers must apply a comprehensive approach combining both cultural and chemical measures to prevent favorable conditions for fungal development.

Plant at appropriate spacing to ensure good ventilation and reduce humidity in the orchard.

Maintain stable water levels in ditches and raised beds; avoid waterlogging during the rainy season.

Apply lime after harvest and at the beginning of the rainy season. Also, whitewash the base and lower trunk to limit fungal growth.

Regularly monitor soil pH and maintain it within the optimal range of 5.5–6.5 to prevent conditions favorable for Phytophthora development.

Chemical Control Measures:

When symptoms appear on the trunk or branches, carefully scrape off the infected areas. Farmers are advised to prepare a 10% solution of Picoros 300SC and apply it directly to the entire affected area to control the disease.

Recheck and reapply after 3–5 days if necessary.

Additionally, spray Picoros 300SC onto the canopy to manage fungal infections on leaves and fruits, especially during the rainy season.

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